Updated : Mon, 1 Dec 2008 13:39:38 MST
This study determined how multiple ecodevelopmental domains influenced dysphoria in a community sample of Latina adolescents. Risk factors tested include childhood maltreatment, parental alcohol-related problems, and polysubstance problems. Protective factors include general self-efficacy, social conformity, and family connection. Female participants ( N = 904) were recruited from the Los Angeles area. Many significant correlations were found between the ecodevelopmental domains and dysphoria. The strongest unique protective factor was family connection; others were social conformity and general self-efficacy. The only unique risk factor that emerged was physical neglect. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Community Psychology)
Publ.Date : Thu, 01 Mar 2007 07:00:00 +0100
Characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of homeless, substance-using men who have sex with men. Addict Behav. 2007 Mar;32(3):647-654 Authors: Reback CJ, Kamien JB, Amass L During January and February 2003, 20 non-treatment seeking homeless, substance-using MSM accessing community-based prevention services in West Hollywood, California were assessed to characterize demographics, addiction and psychiatric severity using structured and semi-structured clinical interviews, and high-risk drug and sexual behavior. Participants averaged 37 years old, were mostly Caucasian/white (65%) and most identified as bisexual (58%) or gay (37%). Self-reported HIV seroprevalence was 21%. Most (53%) exchanged sex for money and/or drugs within the previous 30 days. All were diagnosed with current DSM-IV Substance Dependence Disorders, primarily alcohol (62%), amphetamine (57%), cocaine (52%), and marijuana (38%). Participants reported many (35.7) positive psychiatric symptoms on the Brief Symptom Inventory and averaged moderate Beck Depression Inventory scores (19.1). Most (75%) met criteria for Mood Disorder, 33% for Major Depressive Disorder, 43% for Antisocial Personality Disorder and averaged low (48.5) Global Assessment of Functioning scores. While the small convenience sample limits generalizability of the findings, these data provide an opportunity to gain insight into this at-risk population and, thereby, assess appropriate intervention strategies. PMID: 16876333 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Publ.Date : Thu, 01 Mar 2007 07:00:00 +0100
Is use of alcohol and-or tobacco in teenage boys a gateway to use of cannabis or other drugs? Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health (Source: Medscape FamilyMedicine Headlines)
Publ.Date : Fri, 16 Feb 2007 07:40:07 +0100
Endothelin-1 and prevalent coronary heart disease in older men and women (the rancho bernardo study). Am J Cardiol. 2007 Feb 15;99(4):486-90 Authors: Kanaya AM, Barrett-Connor E, Wassel Fyr CL Endothelin-1 has been implicated in atherosclerotic and ischemic heart disease. No population-based studies have examined the association of endothelin-1 with coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 961 older women and men. CHD was defined as a history of myocardial infarction, coronary surgery, angina, or major Q-wave abnormality on electrocardiography. We examined the association of endothelin-1 with CHD after adjusting for known risk factors and atherosclerosis measures. A total of 248 women and 156 men had CHD. Median endothelin-1 levels were similar by gender and higher among those with versus those without CHD (3.3 vs 3.1 pg/ml, p <0.001). After adjusting for age, smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, exercise, aspirin, cholesterol-lowering medication, and hormone therapy use, endothelin-1 had a stronger association with CHD in women (odds ratio [OR] 3.02, (95% confidence interval 1.43 to 6.37) than in men (OR 1.82, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 4.51). Age modified the effect of endothelin-1 with CHD in men (OR 0.47 for age <75 years vs 3.84 in men >/=75 years, p = 0.05 for interaction). Further adjustment for ankle-brachial index and carotid intima media thickness did not alter these results. In conclusion, higher endothelin-1 levels are independently associated with CHD in women of all ages and among older men only. PMID: 17293190 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Cardiology)
Publ.Date : Thu, 15 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100
Background: A multi-state consortium was developed to conduct baseline data collection and intervention research on fetal alcohol syndrome. Each state employed support specialists whose job it was to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption in women who were at high risk for drinking alcohol during their pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to report how support specialists in North Dakota, Montana, and South Dakota were trained to assess client need and how client need was actually assessed in the field. Methods: A qualitative process evaluation was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with state staff involved in support specialist training and consortium activities and the support specialists themselves. Inductive analyses were conducted with interview data. Results: Need determination varied by state and for North Dakota within the state. How support specialists were trained to assess need and how need was assessed in the field was mostly congruent. Conclusions: Process evaluation is an effective method for providing practical and useful answers to questions that cannot be answered by outcome evaluation alone. (Source: Behavioral and Brain Functions)
Publ.Date : Thu, 15 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refers to a wide array of adverse developmental outcomes in children due to prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is more widespread than Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which is more severe, but FASD is harder to accurately diagnose because of fewer objective diagnostic tools. New research indicates than simple eye-movement or oculomotor tasks can be used to assess individuals with FASD. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
Publ.Date : Thu, 22 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100
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